Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a multifactorial disorder caused by interactions between several genes and environmental factors.Genes involved in AGA: A polygenic mode of inheritance is established due to the high prevalence and the wide range of expressed phenotypes in AGA. The genes influence predisposition through DNA sequence variations- single nucleotide polymorphisms, microsatellite repeats, insertion mutations, deletion mutations and copy number variations; or epigenetic modifications such as X chromosome inactivation, hypermethylation (switch off gene expression) or hypomethylation (switch on gene expression) of DNA in gene promoter regions.
ACCORDING TO DR SANJAY PANCHOLI REEHAIRSKIN TEAM INDORE -ndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women. Traditionally, topical minoxidil and oral finasteride have been the standard of care yielding mixed results. New treatments such as Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), microneedling, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and others have been extensively studied in the literature, and the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the latest treatment methods and their efficacy in treating AGA. Novel therapies such as oral minoxidil, topical finasteride, topical spironolactone, botulinum toxin, and stem cell therapy offer interesting alternatives to standard of care therapies for patients.
IN STAGE ONE MOST IMPORTANT MOLECULE IS MINOXIDIL LOTION 2 AND 5 PERCENT .
The exact mechanism of action of minoxidil has not been elucidated. Minoxidil is converted to minoxidil sulphate, the active form of the drug which opens ATP-sensitive potassium channels in cell membranes, leading to a vasodilatory effect. While vasodilatation could be one of the possible mechanisms of action, other more important actions of minoxidil on the hair follicles have been suggested including – increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in the dermal papillae, activation of cytoprotective prostaglandin synthase-1, an enzyme that stimulates hair growth and increased expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) m-RNA which is another hair growth promoter. Topical 2% and 5% minoxidil solution, 1 ml applied twice daily is effective to prevent progression and improve AGA in males above 18 years. The 5% solution is more effective and the standard formulation (with propylene glycol) is preferred as there is no sufficient evidence for other preparations like the foam preparation or higher concentrations.Â
OTHER CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT INCLUDE -LOW LIGHT LASER , PEPTIDE LOTION
WE MUST DISCUSS WITH DERMATOLOGIST AND DOCTOR BEFORE STARTING ANY TREATMENT .